The Bar Council of India (BCI) has issued a stern advisory against the unchecked spread of unapproved Master of Laws (LLM) programmes offered in online, distance, or hybrid formats.
The BCI emphasized that such courses, run without its prior approval, violate both judicial directives and statutory regulations.
The advisory was issued through a formal letter authored by Justice Rajendra Menon, former Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court and Co-Chairman of the Standing Committee on Legal Education. The letter was addressed to the Registrar Generals of all High Courts and the Supreme Court, with copies sent to universities and state bar councils for strict compliance and necessary action.
Reiterating the binding authority of the Supreme Court, UGC’s Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Regulations, 2020, and the BCI’s own Legal Education Rules (2008 and 2020), the Council underscored that any LLM programme offered via non-traditional modes must obtain prior approval from the BCI. Non-compliance, it warned, undermines the uniformity, credibility, and legal sanctity of postgraduate legal education in the country.
The letter also raised concerns over institutions offering LLM-equivalent programmes under alternative titles such as “LLM (Professional),” “Executive LLM,” or “MSc in Cyber Law” without mandatory regulatory clearance. The BCI noted that these practices mislead students and compromise academic integrity, directly violating Supreme Court judgments.
Clarifying its regulatory mandate, the BCI stated that under the Advocates Act, 1961, it is the sole statutory body authorized to oversee both undergraduate and postgraduate legal education. No other institution, including the University Grants Commission (UGC) or autonomous universities, has the authority to validate or approve LLM programmes independently.
The advisory stressed that an LLM degree is a minimum qualification required for teaching law in India. Therefore, any compromise on the quality or regulatory oversight of such degrees poses a direct threat to the legal profession.
In response to the growing number of unauthorized programmes, the BCI has urged High Courts to take judicial notice of its exclusive regulatory powers. It called on judicial bodies to reject unapproved LLM qualifications for appointments and promotions and require compliance verification from the BCI wherever applicable.
To protect students and maintain public trust, the Council announced plans to issue a public warning discouraging enrollment in unauthorized courses. It is also preparing to initiate contempt proceedings and other legal actions against non-compliant institutions.
This development marks a firm stand by the BCI to preserve the integrity and quality of legal education in India, while also sending a strong message to institutions attempting to bypass regulatory norms.
Juris Hour is a team of young professionals turned legal journalists who are guided by the values enshrined in the Preamble of the Constitution of India and want to create more legal awareness in society by acting as a tool to aid legal reforms by offering a space for constructive criticism of the judiciary.
